Upper gastrointestinal ulcer in children: a clinical analysis of 173 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical manifestations and gastroscopic characteristics of upper gastrointestinal ulcer in children.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the children who underwent gastroscopy and were found to have upper gastrointestinal ulcer for the first time at the Endoscopy Center of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, from January 2011 to May 2021. According to the cause of the disease, they were divided into primary ulcer group (primary group; n=148) and secondary ulcer group (secondary group; n=25). The clinical data were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 173 children with upper gastrointestinal ulcer were enrolled, with a male/female ratio of 3.9:1. Compared with girls, boys had significantly higher proportions of duodenal ulcer and primary ulcer (P<0.05). Compared with the children aged below 6 years, the children aged 6-14 years had higher proportions of duodenal ulcer and primary ulcer and lower proportions of giant ulcer and multiple ulcers. Of the 148 children in the primary group, 95 (64.2%) had Helicobacter pylori infection. Abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom and was observed in 101 children (68.2%). Duodenal ulcer was common and was observed in 115 children (77.7%), followed by gastric ulcer in 25 children (16.9%) and esophageal ulcer in 7 children (4.7%). Multiple ulcers were observed in 32 children (21.6%). Seventy children (47.3%) experienced complications, among which bleeding was the most common complication and was observed in 63 children (43.6%). Of the 25 children in the secondary group, abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom and was observed in 9 children (36.0%), with a significantly lower incidence rate than the primary group (P<0.05); foreign body in the digestive tract was the most common cause of ulcer and was observed in 17 children (68%), followed by abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura in 5 children (20.0%) and Crohn's disease in 3 children (12.0%). The secondary group had a significantly higher proportion of multiple ulcer or giant ulcer than the primary group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Upper gastrointestinal ulcer is more common in boys than girls, and duodenal ulcer and primary ulcer are more common in boys. Children aged 6-14 years often have duodenal ulcer and primary ulcer, and giant ulcer and multiple ulcers are relatively uncommon. Primary ulcer in children has a variety of clinical manifestations, mainly abdominal pain, and duodenal ulcer is relatively common, with bleeding as the main complication. The clinical symptoms and endoscopic manifestations of secondary ulcer are closely associated with the primary causes, and it is more likely to induce huge ulcers and multiple ulcers.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy applied in pediatrics: endoscopic and histological findings, including Helicobacter pylori / Endoscopia digestiva alta aplicada em pediatria: hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos incluyendo al Helicobacter pylory

Objective: To present and discuss the endoscopic and histological results, as well as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori and other diseases, indications and characteristics of upper digestive endoscopies performed in children. Material and methods: Twenty-five endoscopies were performed in children aged six months to 11 years (mean 7.69 years), from February 2013 to January 2016. In 200 patients, endoscopies were diagnostic and serial biopsies were performed (esophagus, stomach and duodenum), in 120 of them. Results: The indication of endoscopy was diagnosed in 88.89% of the patients, and in 26 patients, a therapeutic procedure was performed. The most frequent endoscopic findings were esophagitis in 49 patients, gastritis in 84 and duodenitis in 16 patients. Four duodenal ulcers were diagnosed. In the therapeutic endoscopies, six gastrostomies were performed, 14 foreign body withdrawals, five nasoenteral tube passages and esophageal dilatation. The H. pylori survey was performed by anatomopathological method and was positive in 26 (13%) of the 200 patients in whom it was searched. Conclusion: pediatric endoscopy is an important niche of the digestive endoscopy, where it is important to emphasize the relevance of the institutional structure that performs these procedures, in order to conduct them safely, being able to treat possible and feasible complications

Objetivo: Presentar y discutir los hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos, así como la incidencia de Helicobacter pylori y otras enfermedades, indicaciones y características de endoscopia digestiva alta realizada en niños. Material y métodos: Fueron realizadas 225 endoscopias en niños de seis meses a 11 años (media de 7,69 años) a partir de febrero de 2013 hasta enero de 2016. En 200 pacientes, en las endoscopias diagnósticas se llevan a cabo biopsias seriadas (esófago, estómago y duodeno) en 120 de ellos. Resultados: La indicación de endoscopia fue diagnóstica en el 88,89% de los pacientes y en 26 pacientes se realizaron un procedimiento terapéutico. Los hallazgos endoscópicos más frecuentes fueron esofagitis en 49 pacientes, gastritis y duodenitis 84 y en 16 pacientes se diagnosticaron cuatro úlceras duodenales. En endoscopias terapéuticas fueron realizadas seis gastrostomías, catorce extracciones de cuerpos extraños, cinco pasajes de sonda nasogástrica y una dilatación esofágica. El estudio de H. pylori se realizó por el método histopatológico y fué positivo en 26 (13%) de 200 pacientes en los que se han buscado. Conclusión: La endoscopía pediátrica es un nicho importante de la endoscopía digestiva donde es importante enfatizar la relevancia de la estructura institucional que realiza estos procedimientos para conducirlos con seguridad y ser capaces de tratar las complicaciones posibles

Ulcères gastriques et duodenaux à Cotonou: aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, endoscopiques et thérapeutiques

L'ulcère gastrique ou duodénal (UGD) est une affection plurifactorielle. Une prévalence de 16,6% en avait été rapportée en 2005 au Bénin. Le but de notre étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, endoscopiques et thérapeutiques des UGD observés de nos jours à Cotonou. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, transversale, descriptive et analytique. Elle a colligé du 1er octobre 2015 au 30 avril 2016, tous les sujets de plus de 15 ans ayant présenté un UGD à l'endoscopie dans les services des maladies digestives de l'hôpital de Zone de Mènontin et de l'hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Cotonou. Résultats : Sur 411 patients inclus, 30 avaient un UGD soit une prévalence de 7,3 %. Les ulcères duodénaux étaient observés chez des sujets jeunes avec un âge moyen de 38 ± 6,9 ans ; tandis que les ulcères gastriques étaient observés chez des sujets plus âgés avec un âge moyen de 58 ± 7 ans. La sex-ratio était de 2,8. Les épigastralgies étaient la principale manifestation présente dans 70% des cas. La localisation de l'ulcère était gastrique dans 36,7%, duodénale dans 53,3 %, double dans 10% des cas. Les principales causes étaient la consommation de médicaments gastro-toxiques et l'Helicobacter pylori. Les Inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons étaient prescrits dans tous les cas et l'éradication de l'Helicobacter pylori faite dans 94,7% des cas avec une évolution favorable à 2 mois de contrôle. Conclusion : la prévalence des UGD a diminué de plus de 50% en onze ans à Cotonou. L'amélioration du niveau d'hygiène et la sensibilisation contre l'automédication pourraient davantage contribuer à réduire cette prévalence

Caracterización de úlceras gástricas y duodenales / Characterization of gastric and duodenal ulcers

La úlcera péptica es una lesión en la mucosa gastrointestinal (estómago o duodeno) que se extiende más allá de la muscularis mucosae y que permanece como consecuencia de la actividad de la secreción ácida del jugo gástrico. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las úlceras gástricas y duodenales en pacientes que acudieron al servicio de videoendoscopías del Centro Médico Alta Tecnología Hernando Dionisio Amaya Benavides de Tucupita en Venezuela, en el periodo 2010-2013. Material y métodos: se realizó un studio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se revisaron 1972 expedientes de pacientes mayores de 15 años, procedentes de instituciones médicas de Barrio Adentro, estatales y privadas, que acudieron al servicio de videoendoscopía del Centro Médico de Alta Tecnología Hernando Dionisio Amaya Benavides de Tucupita, en el periodo 2010-2013. Se estudiaron variables demográficas y clínicas. Resultados: la morbilidad por úlceras pépticas resultó de 9,83%, diagnosticado en 105 pacientes, con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino en edades comprendidas entre 45 y 54 años. La principal procedencia en el caso de las úlceras gástricas es de los consultorios médicos populares (CMP), presente en 36 pacientes; en el caso de las duodenales, los procedentes de servicios estatales. La porción más afectada por úlceras gástricas en estómago fue el antro, con 110 úlceras diagnosticadas (94%) y en el duodeno, cara anterior del bulbo, con 51 úlceras de las registradas en esta porción (50%). Conclusiones: la úlcera gástrica es más frecuente que la duodenal, la epigastralgia constituyó el síntoma principal que motivó el estudio en los pacientes ulcerosos. La labor de enfermería contribuye a la realización efectiva en el servicio de videoendoscopía.

Peptic ulcer is an injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa (stomach and duodenum) extending beyond the muscularis mucosae and which remains as a result of the activity of acid secretion in the gastric juice. Objetive: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients who attended the service videoendoscopias Medical Center of High Technology Dionisio Hernando Amaya Benavides Tucupita in Venezuela, in the 2010 period features-2013. Material and methods: Came on descriptive cross-sectional study. 1972 records of patients older than 15 years, from Barrio Adentro medical institutions, state and private, who atttended the service of High Technology videoendoscopy Dionisio Hernando Amaya Benavides Tucupita in 2010-2013 Medical Center were reviewed. Demographic and clinical variables were studied. Results: Peptic ulcer morbidity was 9.83%, diagnosed in 105 patients, most often in men aged between 45 and 54 years. The main origin in the case of gastric ulcers is popular medical practices (CMP), present in 36 patients; in case of duodenal, those from government services. The most affected by gastric ulcers in stomach antrum portion was with 110 diahgnosticadas ulcers (94%) and in the duodenum, anterior bulb with 51 ulcers recorded in this portion (50%). Conclusions: Gastric ulcer is more frequent than duodenal, epigastric pain was the main symptom that motivated the study ulcer patients. The nursing work contributes to the effective realization of videoendoscopy service.

High prevalence of duodenal ulcer in a tertiary care hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil / Alta prevalência de úlcera duodenal num hospital terciário na cidade de São Paulo

CONTEXT: In spite of Helicobacter pylori infection being the etiological cause of peptic ulcer and its high prevalence in Brazil, the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease has been poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: To verify the peptic ulcer disease prevalence in patients of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Diagnostic findings from 1,478 consecutive endoscopies were correlated with the urease test results for H. pylori infection diagnosis and demographic data in a total of 3,779 endoscopies performed in 2005. The mean age of the patients was 51.14 ± 16.46, being 613 (41.5 percent) men. RESULTS: Peptic ulcer was diagnosed in 494 (33.4 percent) patients with a mean age of 54.86 ± 14.53, 205 (52 percent) were men, being 391 (26.5 percent) duodenal ulcer and 103 (7 percent) gastric ulcer. Normal endoscopy was found in 272 (18.4 percent) patients with a mean age of 38.4 ± 15.22, being 49 (18 percent) men. The comparison of peptic ulcer group with the patients that had normal endoscopy revealed that H. pylori infection [P = 0.005; OR = 1.70; 95 percent CI = 1.17-2.47][ign], male gender [P<0.0001; OR = 5.53; 95 percentCI = 3.67-8.34][ign] and older age [P<0.0001; OR = 1.08; 95 percentCI = 1.06-1.09] increased the risk of peptic ulcers. The overall H. pylori prevalence was 53 percent (786). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of duodenal ulcer is high in a Brazilian population that had H. pylori infection associated with older age and male gender as important determinants to gastrointestinal diseases outcome. Future prospective studies should confirm these findings.

CONTEXTO: Apesar da infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori ser causa de úlcera péptica e de sua alta prevalência no Brasil, a prevalência da úlcera péptica tem sido pouco estudada. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a prevalência da doença ulcerosa péptica em pacientes de um hospital terciário. MÉTODOS: Achados diagnósticos de 1.478 endoscopias consecutivas foram correlacionados com os resultados de testes de urease para diagnóstico de infecção pelo H. pylori e dados demográficos num total de 3.779 endoscopias realizadas em 2005. A média de idade dos pacientes foi 51,14 ± 16,46, sendo 613 (41,5 por cento) homens. RESULTADOS: A úlcera péptica foi diagnosticada em 494 (33,4 por cento) pacientes com média de idade de 54,86 ± 14,53, 205 (52 por cento) eram homens, sendo 391 (26,5 por cento) úlceras duodenais e 103 (7 por cento) úlceras gástricas. Endoscopia normal foi achada em 272 (18,4 por cento) pacientes com média de idade de 38,4 ± 15,22, sendo 49 (18 por cento) homens. A comparação do grupo de úlcera péptica com os pacientes que tinham endoscopia normal revelou que a infecção pelo H. pylori [P = 0,005; OR = 1,70; 95 por cento CI = 1,17-2,47][ign], gênero masculino [P<0,0001; OR = 5,53; 95 por cento CI = 3,67-8,34][ign] e idade mais avançada [P<0,0001; OR = 1,08; 95 por cento CI = 1,06-1,09] aumentaram o risco de úlceras pépticas. A prevalência de infecção pelo H. pylori no total foi de 53 por cento (786). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da úlcera duodenal é alta numa população brasileira de um hospital terciário que teve a infecção pelo H. pylori, idade avançada e gênero masculino como determinantes importantes de evolução para doença gastrointestinal. Estudos futuros prospectivos devem confirmar esses achados.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children in southern Iran.

Objective. To find out whether the causes of upper GI bleeding in our center in a developing country differed from developed countries. Methods. Children presenting to our center with upper GI bleeding from March 2002 to March 2007, were retrospectively evaluated. Informations were retrieved from patient’s history and physical examination and results of upper GI endoscopy regarding etiology of bleeding, managements, use of medications which might predispose patient to bleeding, and the mortality rate. Results. From 118 children (67 boys; with age of 7.7±4.7 yrs) who underwent upper GI endoscopies, 50% presented with hematemesis, 14% had melena and 36% had both. The most common causes of upper GI bleeding among all patients were gastric erosions (28%), esophageal varices (16%), duodenal erosions (10%), gastric ulcer (8.5%), Mallory Weiss syndrome tear (7.8%), duodenal ulcer (6.8%), esophagitis (1.7%) and duodenal ulcer with gastric ulcer (0.8%). The causes of bleeding could not be ascertained in 20.5% of cases. No significant pre-medication or procedure related complications were observed. Endoscopic therapy was performed in 13.5% of patients. In 14.4% of patients, there was a history of consumption of medications predisposing them to upper GI bleeding. Two deaths occurred (1.7%) too. Conclusion. The findings in the present study showed that half of upper GI bleedings in pediatric patients from south of Iran, were due to gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers. This study concludes that the causes of upper GI bleeding in children in our center of a developing country, are not different from those in developed ones.

Surgical management of combined perforated and bleeding duodenal ulcer

Peptic ulcer is one of the most frequent diseases of the alimentary tract, while mortality from perforated peptic ulcer still remains high. We conducted this retrospective study to determine the adverse operative risk factors for perforated hemorrhagic peptic ulcers in Shiraz, southern Iran. 896 patients with peptic ulcer were enrolled. A questionnaire was used to collect the data on age, gender, site of ulcer, presentation, endoscopic findings, type of peptic ulcer complications, method of treatment, surgical procedure, and results of the treatment. Complicated duodenal ulcer was 15% in period I, and 11.5% in period II [P>SD of the age of +/- 0.05]. The mean 11 years. The age of the patients with perforated duodenal the patients was 42.7 8.6 years. Perforation with 12.5 and in hemorrhagic patients 37.4 +/- ulcer was 48 hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer in the first period was 1.2% and in second period, 0.2%. In the second period, simple closure was done in 29 [74%] patients, and in perforated DU cases, conservative management was done in 23 [56%] patients. Although the number of complicated duodenal ulcer cases increased from period I to period II, complications of duodenal ulcer [Kissing disease] significantly decreased

Redução da prevalência de úlcera duodenal: um estudo brasileiro (análise retrospectiva na última década: 1996-2005) / Prevalence reduction of duodenal ulcer: a Brazilian study. (retrospective analysis in tha last decade: 1996-2005)

RACIONAL: A úlcera duodenal sempre representou uma doença muito prevalente entre as enfermidades digestivas, em qualquer parte do mundo. A prevalência média era de aproximadamente 10 por cento da população mundial. A partir do início dos anos 90, a literatura, tanto européia como norte-americana, passou a demonstrar sua redução gradativa entre seus países. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar, através de análise retrospectiva, a prevalência anual da úlcera duodenal nos últimos 10 anos em um Serviço de Endoscopia Digestiva que é referência para o sistema público de saúde da cidade de Porto Alegre, municípios da Grande Porto Alegre e outras cidades vizinhas da mesma. Os dados analisados são de março de 1996 até dezembro de 2005. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo transversal, com análise documental de diagnósticos endoscópicos efetuados em endoscopia digestiva alta, no referido Serviço. Foi feita a análise retrospectiva de diagnósticos endoscópicos efetuados em 13.130 pacientes submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta no período de março de 1996 a dezembro de 2005. A classificação de Sakita foi utilizada para o estádio do grau evolutivo da úlcera duodenal e foi considerado por ela acometido o paciente com a lesão no estágio A1, até o estágio S1, inclusive. Observou-se também a prevalência nos dois sexos, na raça, o percentual médio total nos 10 anos, além da prevalência anual. Para verificar se houve significância estatística dos resultados observados nos diferentes períodos, foi aplicado um teste de regressão linear ("linear regression model"). RESULTADOS: Observou-se decréscimo gradativo dos percentuais de prevalência da úlcera duodenal, ano após ano, iniciando-se em 1996 com 8,6 por cento e se encerrando no final de 2005, com 3,3 por cento. A exceção do período foi observada no ano de 2003 quando houve um acréscimo, comparando-se com o decréscimo gradativo dos 6 anos anteriores. Mas já, a partir do período seguinte (2004), a queda gradativa voltou a ser observada...

BACKGROUND: The duodenal ulcer always represented a very prevalent pathology among the gastrointestinal tract diseases worldwide. The average prevalence is approximately 10 percent of the world population. In the 90s the literature (both European and North American) begin to show a crescent reduction of this prevalence in many countries. AIM: To show through a retrospective analysis the annual prevalence of the duodenal ulcer in the last 10 years in a Digestive Endoscopy Service which is referred to public medical system in Porto Alegre and its suburban area and countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data analyzed is from March 1996 to December 2005. Specific data: transversal retrospective study with documented analysis of endoscopic diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the diagnosis of the 13.130 procedures of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 1996 and 2005. The Sakita classification was used to verify the duodenal ulcer activity taking into consideration the patients who have lesions on A1 to S1 levels. To verify if there was a statistical significant results, a linear regression test was done (linear regression model). RESULTS: A gradate decrease of the prevalence percentuals was observed, year after year, it began with 8.3 percent of prevalence in 1996 and finished with 3.3 percent in the beginning of 2006. The average annual reduction of this prevalence was calculated following the regression test and it was placed in the 1.3 percent a year in the studied period of time. In 2003, in an isolated way, it was an exception in the decrease of the percentage because it presented a prevalence increase of (6.5 percent) comparing to the first 6 years of study. CONCLUSION: In this study it was observed a decrease of duodenal ulcer prevalence, 1.3 percent a year to be more accurate in 10 years of study, showing a statistical significance in the linear regression test.

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the occurrence of gastric lesions among patients undergoing upper endoscopy in a university hospital in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in Brazil in spite of the known risks associated with their use, but investigation of their side effects conducted in this country has been far from sufficient. This study investigates the use of NSAIDs among patients undergoing upper endoscopy in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and the association of this use with the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric erosions, gastric erosions with hematin pigmentation, and gastric ulcer. METHODS: The cross-sectional methodological approach was used; 533 patients aged 17 or older were interviewed, between June and December, 2000. Data were submitted to bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: More than two thirds of the interviewed population reported the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a period of 1 month before the upper endoscopy. The most used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were acetylsalicylic acid and diclofenac. An association was clearly shown between the use of these drugs and the occurrence of the studied lesions, with the latter attaining significance. There was also a significant association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use for a period greater than 15 days and the occurrence of the gastric lesions, with a higher odds ratio than for the other comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a significant association with the occurrence of the gastric lesions and point to the need of further study of this issue in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil são bastante evidentes os riscos associados ao uso de medicamentos. No entanto, tal questão não é devidamente privilegiada no campo da investigação científica. O presente estudo se refere ao uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides, fármacos amplamente utilizados no país. O objetivo foi investigar o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides entre pacientes submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e sua associação com a ocorrência de erosões gástricas, erosões gástricas com pigmento de hematina e úlcera gástrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em que 533 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 17 anos foram entrevistados no período de junho a dezembro de 2000. Os dados foram submetidos às análises bivariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Mais de dois terços da população entrevistada relatou o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides no período de um mês anterior à endoscopia digestiva alta. Os antiinflamatórios mais utilizados foram o ácido acetilsalicílico e o diclofenaco. Evidenciou-se uma associação positiva e significativa entre o uso desses fármacos e a ocorrência das lesões em questão. Ao se avaliar a associação entre o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides por um período superior a 15 dias e a ocorrência das lesões gástricas, esta foi positiva e significativa, apresentado odds ratio superiores àqueles apresentados para as associações anteriores. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que os antiinflamatórios não-esteróides têm uma associação significativa com a ocorrência de lesões gástricas e apontam para a necessidade de aprofundamento no estudo desta questão no Brasil.

Decrease in prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the Policlínico Peruano Japonés, Lima, Peru, between the years 1985 and 2002. Analysis of 31,446 patients / Disminución de la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico en el policlínico Peruano-Japonés, Lima, Perú

Aim: To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma in a population of middle and high socio-economic status in Lima, Peru, between 1985 and 2002. Materials and methods: The prevalence of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma was determined after studying by esophagogastroduodenoscopy 31,446 patients at the Policlínico Peruano Japonés (PPJ) between 1985 and 2002. All patients had chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms and had endoscopically proven diagnosis of active peptic ulcer or histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Results: Analysis of PPJ population identified a decrease in the prevalence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer from 3.15% and 5.05% respectively in 1985, to 1.62% and 2.00% respectively in 2002. Gastric adenocarcinoma prevalence also decreased from 3.19% in 1988 to 0.92% in 2002. The prevalences of gastric ulcer (OR=1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p<0.001), duodenal ulcer (OR=1.32, 95% IC 1.15- 1.51, p<0.001) and gastric adenocarcinoma (OR=1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p<0.001), decreased in the last eight years. Conclusions: Over the study period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the PoliclínicoPeruano Japonés, where patients from middle and high socio economic status are attended.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico, en una población de nivel socioeconómico medio y alto en Lima, Perú, entre los años 1985 y 2002. Material y métodos: Se determinó la prevalencia de la úlcera gastroduodenal y el adenocarcinoma gástrico, después de evaluar por esofagogastroduodenoscopía 31,446 pacientes en el Policlínico Peruano Japonés (PPJ) entre 1985 y 2002. Todos los pacientes presentaron síntomas crónicos del tracto gastrointestinal superior, y en ellos se realizó el diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera péptica activa e histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Resultados: Luego del análisis de la población estudiada se identificó una disminución de la prevalencia de úlcera gástrica y úlcera duodenal de 3,15% y 5,05% respectivamente en 1985, a 1.62% y 2.00% respectivamente en el año 2002. La prevalencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico también disminuyó de 3,19% en 1992 a 0,92% en el año 2002. Las prevalencias de ulcera gástrica (OR =1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p<0.001), úlcera duodenal (OR =1.32, 95% IC 1.15-1.51, p<0.001) y adenocarcinoma gástrico (OR =1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p<0.001), disminuyeron en los últimos 8 años cuando comparamos con los primeros años. Conclusiones: Durante este período de estudio se observó una significativa disminución de la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico en pacientes peruanos de nivel socio económico medio y alto que son atendidos en este nosocomio.

Duodenal Helicobacter pylori associated duodenal ulcer depend on gastric Helicobacter pylori status.

Gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. pylon) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer (DU), although not all H. pylori infected persons will develop disease. Duodenal H. pylori was supposed to be one of the factors related with DU. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H. pylori in the duodenum of patients with DU plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DU regarding the gastric H. pylori status. Furthermore, it was to determine the prevalence of duodenal H. pylori infection in Thailand. Ninety three patients were included in the study. They underwent gastroscopic evaluation for dyspeptic symptoms and none of them had previous H. pylori eradication therapy. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and two specimens were collected each form the antrum, midcorpus and duodenal bulb in order to diagnose H. pylori infection. The gold standard for H. pylori detection is a positive specimen culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the vac A gene or positive urease test plus H. pylori seen in the pathology. Ninety three dyspeptic patients (43 males and 50 females; mean age 48.2 years; range 22 to 79 years) were included in the study. Duodenal H. pylori was detected in 31/93 (33.33%) patients which included 15 (48.38%) patients with duodenal ulcer, 2 (6.45%) patients with gastric ulcer and 14 (45.16%) patients with NUD. Five of thirty one (16.21%) patients with duodenal H. pylori infection had negative gastric H. pylori. These five patients included 1 with DU, 1 with DU and 3 with NUD. Duodenal H. pylori was associated with DU dependent of the presence of gastric H. pylori (p<0.05) and there was no association between duodenal H. pylori with negative gastric H. pylori and duodenal ulcer (p>0.05). Duodenal H. pylori is associated with duodenal ulcer dependent on the presence of gastric H. pylori. These results suggest that transmission of gastric H. pylori to the duodenum was prerequisited for the formation of DU.

Clinical and endoscopic aspects in the evolution of patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Bleeding ulcers are a major problem in public health and represent approximately half of all the cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the United States. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of factors such as clinical history, laboratory and endoscopic findings in the occurrence of new episodes of bleeding in patients who have upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer. METHODS: A cohort study with 94 patients was designed to investigate prognostic factors to the occurrence of new episodes of bleeding. RESULTS: From the 94 patients studied, 88 did not present a new bleeding episode in the 7 days following hospital admission. The incidence of rebleeding was significantly higher in those patients with hemoglobin < 6 g/dL at the admission (P = 0.03, RR = 6.2). The localization of the ulcers in bulb was positively associated to rebleeding (P = 0.003). The rebleeding group needed a greater number of units transfunded (P = 0.03) and the time of hospitalization was longer than the time of the hemostasia group (P = 0.0349). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of patients with risk of death by bleeding peptic ulcer remains as a challenge, once few factors are capable of predicting the severity of the evolution. The identification of such factors will alow the choice of the better therapeutic conduct improving the diagnosis and decreasing the rate of rebleeding and the mortality

Risk factors for duodenal ulcer in north India.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to evalutate the association of various risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs, inadequate dietary intake of fibres and consumption of spicy foods with chronic duodenal ulcer using a case-control design and to establish the association of Helicobacter pylori and duodenal ulcer using different diagnostic techniques in Indian subjects. MATERIALS: A total of 16 consecutive patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer (DU) constituted the test group while 160 subjects with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) were recruited as controls. METHODS: All subjects were interviewed based on a standard questionnaire and underwent an upper gastrointestinal endsocopy wherein multiple biopsies were taken for rapid urease test (RUT), histology and culture for detection of H. pylori. The serum samples of all the subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies against H. pylori using ELISA. RESULTS: There were significantly greater number of smokers (80%) and alcoholics (58%) in the male population of DU group as compared to the controls (49% smokers & 15% alcoholics). Similar trend was seen in relation to history of chronic exposure to NSAIDs (29% in DU & 11% in NUD) and inadequate intake of fibre in diet (66% and 39% respectively). The overall prevalence of H. pylori was 82.5% in DU and 50.6% in NUD [p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: In North Indian subjects, alcohol consumption, smoking, inadequate intake of fibre in diet and use of NSAIDs are the risk factors associated with doudenal ulcer disease. Further, infection with H. pylori is strongly associated with DU in the North Indian population.

Ulcera duodenal e helicobacter pilori: ensaio clínico randomizado, comparativo entre terapia tríplice e ranitidina / Duodenale ulcer abd helicobacter pylori: randomized clinical essay comparactive between triplice therapy and ranitidine

INTRODUÇÄO: O papel patogêno do Helicobacter pylori na doença ulcerosa péptica está estabelecido e sua erradicaçäo se reflete na queda dos índices de recidiva da úlcera duodenal. É importante a realizaçäo de estudos epidemiológicos e ensaios clínicos em nosso meio (Bahia) por se tratar de populaçäo de baixo nível sócio-econômico, fator considerado de risco na aquisiçäo da bactéria. OBJETIVOS: avaliar a cicatrizaçäo e a recidiva da úlcera duodenal, a erradicaçäo do H. pylori, o tipo e intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório da mucosa gástrica, no intervalo de 12 meses, comparando-se dois esquemas terapêuticos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, simples cego. Neste estudo, 60 pacientes H. pylori-positivos com úlcera em atividade foram submetidos a exame clínico, endoscópico e histológico a cada 4, 8 e 12 semanas, 6 e 12 meses. Os esquemas de tratamento foram: esquema 1: ranitidina 150mg 2x/dia durante quatro semanas; esquema 2 (terapia tríplice): subcitrato de bismuto coloidal 120mg 4x/dia durante 4 semanas + amoxicilina 500mg 3x/dia + tinidazol 500mg 2x/dia durante as duas últimas semanas. Os pacientes nos quais a úlcera näo cicatrizou com quatro semanas foram submetidos a mudança de tratamento, de um esquema para outro (cruzamento terapêutico). Foram excluídos os pacientes nos quais a úlcera näo cicatrizou após oito semanas e aqueles que näo compareceram às reavaliaçöes. RESULTADOS: Dos 21 pacientes do esquema 1 e dos 39 do esquema 2, a úlcera cicatrizou em 14 (66,7 porcento) e em 32 (82,1 porcento), respectivamente, após quatro semanas (p> 0,6). Os nove pacientes nos quais a úlcera näo cicatrizou foram submetidos ao cruzamento terapêutico e destes, três (33,3 porcento) continuaram sem que a úlcera cicatrizasse. A erradicaçäo do H. pylori foi observada em 19 (46,3 porcento) dos 41 pacientes que foram submetidos ao esquema 2. Após acompanhamento de 12 meses, foi observada recorrência da infecçäo pelo H. pylori em seis (31,6 porcento) pacientes. Desses, quatro (66,7 porcento), recidivaram a úlcera duodenal. Os 13 pacientes que se mantiveram erradicados até o final do estudo näo recidivaram a úlcera. Dos 43 pacientes positivos para o H. pylori, 21 (48,8 porcento) recidivaram a úlcera em até 12 meses. Ao final do estudo, a recidiva da úlcera foi observada em 11 (78,6 porcento) dos pacientes do esquema 1 e em 22 (68,7 porcento) do esquema 2 (p > 0,7). Houve melhora histológica nos pacientes que erradicaram o H...

Infección por helicobacter pylori en niños

Helicobacter pylori es un bacilo Gram-negativo espiralado que produce grandes cantidades de ureasa que le confiere un medio óptimo para la colonización de mucosa gástrica. En la actualidad se le considera como el mecanismo principal del daño de la mucosa gástrica y se ha identificado en 80 por ciento de los pacientes con gastritis y en 95 por ciento de aquéllos con úlcera duodenal. Muchos niños infectados son asintomáticos, sin embargo, síntomas como dolor abdominal recurrente, vómito, hematemesis se asocian frecuentemente a esta infección. La infección crónica por esta bacteria está relacionada con el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico principalmente con linfoma tipo MALT; por estas implicaciones se consideró importante hacer un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno como a continuación se describe.

Frecuencia de la úlcera péptica en el Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán"; Estudio de localización, factores asociados y tendencias temporales / Incidence of peptic ulcer at Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion, \"Salvador Zubiran\"

Objetivo. Conocer la frecuencia, tendencias y factores asociados de la úlcera péptica en nuestro Instituto. Antecedentes. La úlcera péptica es una enfermedad frecuente; aproximadamente 5-10 por ciento de la población puede desarrollarla a lo largo de la vida. Material y método. Revisamos 1,123 pacientes con diagnóstico de úlcera péptica en cinco años; analizamos: edad, género, hábitos (alcoholismo y tabaquismo) consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, localización anatómica y complicaciones. Para evaluar tendencias temporales, comparamos nuestros resultados con estudios previos realizados en nuestro Instituto. Resultados. La relación masculino-femenino fue 1:1, con una edad promedio de 52.2 años. Cuarenta por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron úlcera duodenal, 42 por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron úlcera duodenal, 42 por ciento úlcera gástrica y 19 por ciento úlcera esofágica, anastomótica y múltiple. La complicación más común fue la hemorragia, la cual ocurrió más frecuentemente en la úlcera gástrica (37 por ciento) que en la duodenal (24 por ciento) (P<0.005). La úlcera gástrica apareció en pacientes más viejos que los de la úlcera duodenal (P<0.02). El consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos fue más frecuente en pacientes con úlcera gástrica (14 por ciento) que en pacientes con úlcera duodenal (10 por ciento (P<0.04). La frecuencia de tabaquismo y alcoholismo fue más alta en los pacientes con úlcera múltiple. Conclusiones. En los últimos 30 años hemos observado en nuestro Instituto una tendencia a la disminución de la frecuencia de la úlcera duodenal y a un aumento de la úlcera gástrica. En el mismo periodo, la hemorragia ha sido la principal complicación, lo que sugiere una mayor referencia de pacientes con úlcera péptica complicada

Helicobacter pylori in recently-diagnosed versus Chronic duodenal ulcer

Helicobacter pylori is one of the main causes of type B gastritis and is frequently found in the gastric antrum or in areas of gastric metaplasia in duodenal ulcer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate Helicobacter pylori and gastric metaplasia prevalence in duodenal ulcer patients within their first diagnosed episode compared to those with chronic ulcer disease. Eighty three patients were prospectively studied in a 2- year period. they were divided into 3 groups: Group I, control, included 29 patients; Group II, 17 patients, included patients with first diagnosed duodenal ulcer episode; and Group III, 37 patients, with chronic ulcer disease. Helicobacter pylori prevalence in duodenum was significatively lower in Group II versus Group III and controls (67.5 percent; 0 percent and 3.2 percent respectively) p<0.001). In the antrum Hp prevalnce was also lower in Group II compared to Group III and I (41 percent, 78,3 percent and 24.1 percent) with a significative difference (p<0.001). Gastric metaplasia was significantly higher in Group III versus Group II and controls. These results suggest that Helicobacter pylori plays an important but not exclusive role in the pathogenesis of these disease together with other factors.

Study of peptic ulcer in Salah-Al-Deen province

Hundred patients included in this study and represent 4% from all patients attending to Saddam's General Hospital in Salah Al-Deen community during the period from 15/2/1993 to 1/4/1993. The study indicated that duodenal ulcer was predominant types of ulcer. Epigastria pain was the most frequent type of pain and it was more in gastric ulcer than duodenal ulcer. Antiacid represent the main relieving factor for pain and fasting is the main aggrevating factor. The study showed that house wives were more affected by peptic ulcer and the O blood group was predominant type of ulcer. Patients with peptic ulcer were more affected when taking N S A I D